Biology : Cell (1)

Hi! Thanks For reading! This is my first post of Biology! Today, let's we start from the cell :v

PREAMBULE
The History record that cell is founded by Robert Hooke (1635-1703) at 1665 when he analysing cross-section of felem from plant stem. He was surprise because he saw so many hexagonal cavity resemble the room. Then, he declare a Theory named "The Cell Theory." Then, two scientst from Germany, Mathias J. Schleiden and Theodor Schwann at 1838 prove that living cell isn't only an empty room But filled by cytoplasma that support any activity of the cell. Schleiden and Schwann then build a new Cell Theory.
Cell is the smallest structural and functional unit in the organism. Cell as smallest structural unit mean that Cell is the fundamental composer for the life. Same cell will combine to make tissue. different Tissue combined to make an organ. and different organ will work together to make organ systems. Cell as smallest functional cell mean that cell is doing some function in the life process. Such as reproduction, respiration, secretion, transportation and synthesize. Cell is Also as a smaller herediter unit that mean cell will inherted genetic trait from one generation to another generation so.

Cell is containing fluida named protoplasma. Thus, Protoplasma divided to 2 kinds. Cytoplasm and Nucleoplasm. The size of cell is vary from 1-100 μm. The branch of Biology that studying cell is Cytology. We can't just seeing the cell because our eyes only have ability to seeing smallest ting at the size of 0.2 mm/ 200 μm. So, we must use a tool named microscope. 
There is a difference beetwen Plant Cell and Animal Cell. Hereby the difference : 

The Organel of the cell :
-Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane is a limit of life. Plasma Membrane divide the 'life' cell and 'unlife' surrounding. Plasma Membrane have a thickness about 8 nm. Commonly Plasma Membrane is built of Phosporus, Lipid, and Sugar in form of Phospolipid Bilayer.

Phosporus is hydrophylic and Lipid is hydrophobic, So Phosporus are always placed in front of lipid tail.
Protein in Plasma Membrane had 2 impotant function. As an enzyme in form of integral protein. important for make ATP as an energy source. then Protein also as a reservoir of nutrition way.
Carbohydrate in Plasma Membrane are formed to be Glycolipid. Glycolipid mostly as a signal if the cell form a cancer cell. And Glycoprotein function is to attach another plasma membrane of another cell.

- Nucleus
Nucleus have a 3 important element there is Nucleus Membrane that didn't exist in prokaryote cell., Nucleoplasma, and Nucleolus. The Function of the Nucleus are : 
1) To control the metabolism in the cell
2) Store genetic informationof the cell
3) control where and when the gene expression must be started, ran, and ended
4) The place for Replication of DNA and Transcription of DNA

-Cytoplasm
The element that bulit Cytoplasm is cytosol that composed by colloidal, Cytoskeleton, and some organel.
The Function of the Cytoplasm : 
1) The place to doing cytosolic metabolism, example : Glycolisis and Syhntesize of Protein by Ribosom
2) The place to store chemicals that important for cell living, example : Glucose, Protein, and Lipid
3) Facilitator for certain organelles so the organel can move caused by the movement of Cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton is a 'bone' of cell that placed in the cytosol. Cytoskeleton is a tissue made of filament protein for stabilize Plasma membrane keeping the form of cell. There are Microfilament, Filament Intermediat, and Microtubulus that important and cell division.

Organells
Ribosome
Ribosome is a tiny granules that spreads in cytoplasm. Ribosome is made by Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosome divided to 2 kinds, Bind Ribosome and Free Ribosome. The function of Ribosome is translate the mRNA to produce polypeptide that made amino acid.

Reticulum Endoplasic (RE)
Reticulum Endoplasmic is an organel that like flatenned sac and have 2 layer of membrane that extended almost over the cytoplasm. RE is divided to 2 kinds, Smooth RE and Rough RE. Rough RE because the ribosome binded to the membrane. Rough RE function is to distribute polypeptide made by ribosome to the cytosol. Small RE is used to synthesize lipid, metabolism of carbohydrate and detoxification of drugs.

Apparatus Golgi
Apparatus Golgi is an organel that like flattened sac as like as RE. The function of Apparatus Golgi commonly as a secretion unit and modification of Protein that will be secreted. example the recognition of lektin (Glycolipid compound)

Lysosom
Lysosom is an organel that like a vesicle. Lysosome have many enzyme, example nuklease, protease, lipase, phospatase, etc. 

Peroxisome
Peroxisome have a same shape as Lysosome, the different is that Peroxisome have a special enzyme, Catalase that spreads Hydrogen Peroxide to be Water and Oxygen that vital for cell.

Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion is one of the endomembrane organells that very important in energy metabolism in cell. Mitochondrion's inner membrane have a curve named crista. Crista is widening of inner membrane to increase the surface of inner membrane. Mitochondrion common function is for the place of cell respiration to produse ATP

Okay that's the structure of the cell, i will continue tommorow for more information about cell. Thanks for reading! Please Follow and Subscribe!!